The Akan system of governance is hierarchical, and the title a ruler holds depends on the size and status of the traditional state (Oman) they govern:

1. Ɔhene (The King/Chief)

This is the generic term for any male traditional ruler who occupies a stool (the equivalent of a throne). The word literally means “Chief” or “King” and is used broadly for all recognized Akan chiefs.

2. Omanhene (Paramount Chief/King)

This is the title for the Paramount Chief—the ruler of a large, semi-autonomous traditional state (Oman). The Omanhene is the highest authority in his traditional area, with numerous sub-chiefs and divisional chiefs under him. When people speak of “the king” of a major Akan state, they are usually referring to the Omanhene.

3. Asantehene (King of the Asante)

This is the highest and most powerful title in the entire Akan system, specifically belonging to the ruler of the Asante Kingdom (or Ashanti). The Asantehene sits on the Golden Stool (Sika Dwa Kofi), which is considered the soul of the Asante nation. He is revered as the political, spiritual, and cultural head of the Asante and is historically considered the King of Kings among the Akans.

The Role of the Queen Mother

It is important to note that the Akan system is matrilineal, meaning succession and lineage are traced through the mother. The most powerful female figure is the Ɔhemaa or Ohemaa (Queen Mother). She is responsible for nominating the next male chief or king, making her an indispensable part of the traditional governance structure.