Workforce planning and talent management are deeply interconnected but distinct.

Workforce Planning is the diagnostic and strategic function. It answers “what are our talent needs?” and “where are the gaps?” It sets the direction. 

Talent Management is the execution function. It encompasses the processes—recruiting, onboarding, development, performance management, compensation, and succession planning—that are used to address the gaps identified in the plan. 

Think of it this way: workforce planning creates the map, and talent management is the vehicle that drives you to the destination. Both are essential for the journey.